The battery thermal runaway protection material achieves a response time of just seconds, and its flame-retardant efficiency is five times higher than that of conventional solutions.
2025-11-28
In the field of thermal runaway protection for batteries, a new type of composite material achieves second-level response and highly effective flame retardancy through the synergistic action of multiple mechanisms. Take ceramic-based fire-retardant materials as an example: these materials feature a composite design that combines a ceramic matrix with fiber-reinforced phases. In the early stages of thermal runaway, their ultra-high-temperature resistance enables them to rapidly block heat conduction pathways. Experimental data show that this material can maintain structural integrity even at temperatures as high as 1200°C—nearly six times higher than the 180°C thermal shutdown temperature of conventional aerogel materials—and its response time is reduced to within 3 seconds.
Material innovation is reflected in three key aspects: First, the composite structure of nanoscale flame-retardant fillers combined with a polyurethane matrix enables the material to form a porous ceramic layer at high temperatures, achieving a thermal conductivity as low as 0.015 W/(m·K)—a reduction of 40% compared to conventional mica sheets. Second, fiber-reinforcement technology endows the material with excellent impact resistance; in simulated tests involving gravel impacts at 100 km/h, the material sustained zero damage, and its wear resistance was ten times greater than that of metal protective shields. Third, smart temperature-sensitive coating technology leverages the material’s phase-change properties to actively release flame retardants when temperatures rise abnormally, reducing the combustion rate of the electrolyte by 50%.
In practical applications, GAC’s “Magazine Battery” employs a mesh-like nanoporous insulation material that reduces the thermal conduction rate between cells by 80%. Great Wall’s “Dayu Battery,” on the other hand, features a targeted venting channel design that shortens the time required for heat runaway-induced gas and flame to be discharged to just 0.5 seconds. These technological breakthroughs have extended the time it takes for the battery system’s voltage to drop to zero during thermal runaway tests to 60 seconds—four times longer than in conventional designs—and reduced mass loss by 6.2%, creating a five-layer protection system that spans from individual battery cells all the way to the entire vehicle.
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